Sunday, September 9, 2018

A 19th Century Classic: Mansfield Park

I read this book for the Back to the Classics Challenge 2018.

Mansfield Park – Jane Austen

Ten-year-old Fannie Price leaves her large family in a squalid household in Portsmouth to go live with rich relatives in the country hamlet of Mansfield. Though with the good things of the world at their fingertips, her affluenza-ridden relatives are a motley crew of the stupid, lazy, thoughtless and vain. As Fannie grows into adolescence, she hears daily the reasons why, as the last and least among them, she ought to be grateful for being allowed to stay in such comfy circumstances. She sleeps in an unheated attic and is provided with meagre rations. It is no wonder she is weak, sickly, and fragile. She is also prone to high emotional reactivity and social anxiety (shyness, speechlessness, uneasiness) when confronted with stressors in the form of thrusts and jabs from her cruel selfish family members.

Fannie is patronized – in the multiple senses of the word - by her cousin Edmund who is about six years older than her. Bound for the clergy, he is solemn and tries to urge her on the right path, in other words, getting reconciled to her mediocre station in life. She keeps Dr. Johnson’s Idler essays in her room. Her reading of such moral texts has equipped her with a way of approaching problems with impartiality, wisdom, bravery. And kindness, since Dr. Johnson said, “Kindness is in our power even if fondness is not.”

Thanks to Edmund’s earnest instruction and her own reading, Fannie develops self-command, a handy orientation in any station in life and one sorely lacking among Austen’s cast of characters. Fannie never complains because she knows it will only draw derision and shock at her temerity. As for consideration for others, Fannie is fair, polite and gentle with everybody, even those that don’t deserve impartiality and return gentleness with thoughtlessness. When she is not faint or overcome with the heebie-jeebies, Fannie bases her decisions on rationality, not prejudice or pride.

Part of me wonders how much good integrity does the powerless though at least they don’t do as much harm as the powerful with no integrity. But count me a fan of Fannie – there are plenty worse orientations than accepting stern realities you can’t change (other people, money, property, your health, etc.) and cultivating control over what is indeed in your power to command (your attitude toward everything).  Fannie, after all, is only 18 years old in most of the book, so we can’t expect her road to self-knowledge, rational self-control, and common sense to be without potholes. But through her reading and thinking and her relationship with Edmund, she’s able to deal with the peevishness, jealousy, and disharmony that plague the inner worlds and relationships of her cousins and the Crawfords.

Still, as laughable as ninnyish Edmund and Fanny are for their sincerity and depth, Austen makes the reader feel that they are much more likely to face life’s inevitable troubles with bravery and resilience than Henry or Mary Crawford or Fanny’s cousins Maria or Julia. In short, I’m totally with Austen being all judgey about Julia’s lacks being the cause of Julia’s inability to be content:

…the want of that higher species of self-command, that just consideration of others, that knowledge of her own heart, that principle of right, which had not formed any essential part of her education, made her miserable…

So like a parent. “If you want to be happy, work on your own self-control, respect for people, self-knowledge, and wisdom.” Austen makes her moral points through the moral well-being - or, frequently, lack of moral fortitude - of her characters. Edmund, being a human being, stumbles – letting down both the horse and Fannie by letting flighty Mary ride the horse too hard for too long; letting himself down by agreeing to be in their play, the construction of scenery for which leads to the tearing up of his father’s favorite room; encouraging Fannie to marry the worthless Henry Crawford. The heir Tom experiences the salutary effects of a drunken accident and illness, coming out the other side of a long convalescence a more sober and steady heir (see Sense and Sensibility for illness changing Marianne Dashwood). Sir Thomas survives daughter troubles, a lucky thing since he was as neglectful a father as Mr. Bennett in Pride and Prejudice.

This is well-worth reading. It gives much to think about, in terms of living a flourishing life, a life worth living, but it is not heavy like Middlemarch. In fact, the comic characters of indolent Lady Bertram and busybody Mrs. Norris are excellently drawn. Austen uses half-a-dozen deaths to move the action along. She also unleashes wonderful surprises, like an enchanter should. I’ve been worried lately about reading too superficially and read this novel primarily to immerse myself in reading. This novel fit the bill – I read in long sections, deeply I presume to think, over the course of about five days. Plus, I look forward to re-reading it. What higher praise?

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