Sunday, February 8, 2026

Perry Mason 117: The Fiction Factory

Note: This and the next three articles are about writer Erle Stanley Gardner and the 20 Perry Mason novels published in Gardner’s last decade, the Sixties.  What follows is, admittedly, an exercise in half-informed speculation. The evidence is real enough: publication dates, production schedules, the roar of celebrity machinery. But the causal chains we draw from them inevitably require more than a little imaginative soldering. In 2026 we hardcore readers and fans cannot peer into Erle Stanley Gardner’s skull circa 1959 or calculate the precise degree to which dictation, deadlines, or That Old Mortality influenced his work. At best, we can observe patterns and venture possibilities based on our own observations of people – like ourselves – who have left middle-age in the rear-view mirror but kept working full-time. Readers are thus invited to treat the following argument as an exploratory sketch rather than a verdict - an attempt to illuminate, not to criticize.

The Fiction Factory That Ate Its Maker

The whole business about Erle Stanley Gardner “declining” once he took to dictation has always felt like one of those cultural red herrings cooked up by romantics who imitate Neil Gaiman and his fountain pen or neuroscientists who argue different parts of the brain are harnessed to handle talking and typing. Dictation isn’t the villain. Pulitzer Prize-winning author Richard Powers used voice recognition software to write The Echo Maker. Gardner himself had been whispering sweet mysteries into a Dictaphone since the early 1940s, and nobody was clutching pearls over TCOT Careless Kitten, TCOT Buried Clock, or TCOT Crooked Candle. Those were tight, bright, and swinging - no harm done by the machine.

No, the real kicker arrived with success - the kind that folds you into a velvet chokehold. By the late Fifties Gardner wasn’t just a writer; he was an institution, an entertainment enterprise. He was approving scripts for a hit television show, juggling Perry Mason novels like burning torches, moonlighting as A.A. Fair for Cool & Lam, and captaining his very own “fiction factory,” his own phrase that suggests equal parts success story and sweatshop. Add awards dinners, speaking engagements, fan luncheons, and whatever civic flattery and requests from charities a man of his fame had to endure - you begin to glimpse the mad circus. One wonders how many hours he spent asleep, or if he simply stood in a corner each night, eyes open, recharging like a noir‑tinted writing device.

In that crucible of busy celebrity in the US, dictation becomes a magnifying glass. Whatever tendencies a writer has - speed, shortcuts, vagueness, flatness - start glowing like uranium. And Gardner, no spring chicken by the 1960s, had the universal experience of our species – ageing and health scares - working against him. Things loosened. Repetition crept in. A little wobble in the joints of the plot. The kind of wobble that comes for us all, if we hang around long enough.

But the real trap wasn’t plot mechanics or style or Perry’s hunches; it was mythic. By the late Fifties Gardner was too big to fail - or to change. His readers, longtime and newcomers too, wanted Perry Mason delivered in the same reliable packaging, hot and fast, like a McLam-burger and McCool shake. His publishers certainly weren’t yearning for experimentation. Innovation becomes an indulgent sport when your livelihood – and that of others - depend on repeating the magic trick, not reinventing it. Ask Jerry Garcia’s bandmates who sweated when they saw Jerry enjoying non-Grateful Dead projects too much. 

Some writers manage Houdini‑level escapes - your Rex Stouts of the world, pulling late‑style miracles out of fedoras. Like Louis Armstrong, Gardner chose another path: the path of the consummate professional who knows the audience wants the tune played just so. And so he played it. Over and over. Until the groove, inevitably, wore thin.


Thursday, February 5, 2026

The Nones of Gail Patrick: Quiet Please: Murder

Note: Gail Patrick moved beyond the ingenue parts when she played Cornelia the mean sister in My Man Godrey. After 60 or so parts as the haughty girl, retirement from acting drove her crazy. With her husband, Cornwell Jackson, she formed the production company behind the greatest courtroom TV series from 1957 to 1966. She was the soul of the series, said Raymond Burr. One wonders if it was due to Jackson that the writers so often returned to serious themes such as the struggle of women in a man’s world and the perils of emotional reasoning and all or nothing thinking.

Quiet Please: Murder
1942 / 1:10 minutes
Tagline: “Their Love Thrived on DANGER”
[internet archive]

There’s an entire genre of wartime home-front movies - no surprise, given the size of that war -cherished by fans of scrappy B-pictures and early noir. What makes this one worth your time isn’t the gunplay or the blackout relics of it time - it’s the dialogue. Someone in the writing department clearly had a library card and wasn’t afraid to use it. George Sanders tosses off references to Freud, Lombroso, and Havelock Ellis like cocktail chatter, which is not what you expect in a movie made on a shoestring. It’s almost as if the script assumes the audience has a few neurons to rub together. Imagine that.

The tone is pure alley-cat ethics: everyone’s on the grift, and patriotism is mostly a prop - except for Richard Denning, who manages to sound sincere while mooning over a librarian whose boyfriend is off fighting the war. There’s even a moment where Denning reads the title of You Can’t Do Business with Hitler. I once saw that book in a Prudenville antique store forty years ago and didn’t buy it. Still kicking myself.

The best thing here is the attitude: brisk, literate, and just cynical enough to feel like gritty noir. Gail Patrick plays her schemer role with icy confidence, while Sanders - always the dry martini of actors - reminds me of a lout’s idea of sophistication. The whole thing runs barely over an hour, but it crams in forgery, shootouts, and a surprise ending that feels true to wartime home-front logic.

Bottom line: worth watching. Not because it’s perfect, but because it’s smart enough to respect your intelligence while giving you a good time.

Other Gail Patrick Movies: Click on the title to go to the review
·         If I Had a Million
·         The Phantom Broadcast
·         The Murders in the Zoo
·         Death Takes a Holiday
·         The Crime of Helen Stanley
·         Murder at the Vanities
·         The Preview Murder Mystery
·         My Man Godrey
·         Murder by Pictures
·         Artists and Models
·         King of Alcatraz
·         Wives Under Suspicion
·         Disbarred
·         Quiet Please Murder

Tuesday, February 3, 2026

Perry Mason 116: FBI Girl

Note: Before the Perry Mason TV series, in almost all his movies Raymond Burr played The Bad Guy. With his heavyset stature, deep commanding voice and expressive eyes, he was the brightest light in nearly forgotten film noir outings such as Walk a Crooked Mile (1948), Borderline (1950), The Whip Hand (1951) and this movie in 1952.

FBI Girl
1952 / 1:14
Tagline: “Woman ... on a Man-hunt”
[internet archive]

Raymond Greenleaf has kept his skirts clean as Governor of Capitol City for 20 years. Now his politician’s peepers are fixed on the U.S. Senate - but a decades-old first-degree murder conviction under another name threatens to haunt him. He is concerned that a special investigative committee may have his fingerprints sent to the FBI and thus dash his dreams of joining that most prestigious gathering of solons in the world.

Greenleaf's Mr. Fix-It, Raymond Burr, in heartless mode, recalls Burt Lancaster’s ruthless flack in Sweet Smell of Success. Here, Burr suborns two FBI clerks to steal the governor’s fingerprint records - a move that triggers three murders and the death of his own assassin, a larger-than-life Southerner played by Alexander Pope.

As the heavy, Burr cuts a leaner figure this time - his suits sharp, his ethics nonexistent. When the Governor has feelings of remorse and anxiety, thinking it might be best to come clean, Burr tells him to buck up, determined not crash in flames with the governor. The spider in the middle of the web, his eyes look wary, remote, calculating. A victim of his plots warns Burr to stay away in the future and Burr smiles gently and says chillingly, “Well, that depends.”

Caesar Romero and George Brent play FBI men who relentlessly tumble to the fact that somebody big in Capitol City is behind the death of a clerk in their own fingerprint department. In police procedural style, they interview a variety of marchers in the human parade, including a flirty boozy landlady, an unctuous funeral director, and a wiseacre morgue attendant. In one odd scene Romero, sandwiched between two blondes (Jan Kayne and Joi Lansing) on the couch, has to suffer watching on TV the unfunny frolics of Peter Marshall (Hollywood Squares) and Tommy Noonan (sad sack Charlie Hatch in TCOT Crying Comedian).

The story races ahead, leaving key moments undercooked. The interrogation of the poker-obsessed squirt lacks bite, and the assassin’s hospital ledge scene never induces the vertigo it promises. The climax is the usual mix of car chase, helicopter, Audrey Totter wearing a wire, dark headlights, speeding motorboats and Tommy guns. The music is sometimes intrusive. The only lighting and shadow that look interesting is due to the noir standby of venetian blinds. The actors are skillful, of course, given their years of experience but not given a good script to work with.

Unusually for a B-noir, the script toys with ethics: FBI agents debate using a civilian (Audrey Totter, superb) as bait, while Brother Carl wrestles with selling out ideals for Burr’s Faustian bargain. Brother Carl (Tom Drake) feels like a shit because he is a lobbyist, just subverting integrity in government and taking the money, in contrast to his father who fought for angelic causes and died broke. Bro Carl is ripe pickings for satanic Burr’s inveigling him to just focus on externals like career, work duties, and a future happy life with smart sexy tough Audrey Totter.

As for the connection with the classic Perry Mason series, Tom Drake was a downtrodden writer in TCOT Jaded Joker and downtrodden son in TCOT Crying Cherub. Audrey Totter was great as an independent mine owner in noirish TCOT Reckless Rockhound. Morgue attendant Byron Foulger was in TCOT Polka Dot Pony and TCOT Mischievous Doll. Funeral Director O.Z. Whitehead was in TCOT Cowardly Lion.

Sunday, February 1, 2026

The Kalends of Gail Patrick: Reno

Note: Gail Patrick was an American actress in the 1930s and 1940s and television producer from 1957 to 1966. She is best known for her movies roles as the mean sister My Man Godfrey and the other woman in My Favorite Wife. She was one of the few women in a powerful position when she was producing the popular television series Perry Mason.

 Reno
1939 / 73 minutes
Tagline: “He gambled on love as he gambled on life---and lost!”
[internet archive]

Gail Patrick plays a nice gal, though a bit headlong when she hustles Richard Dix to the altar in early 1900s Nevada. Dix is one of those granite-faced fellows - think Gary Cooper without the light touch - slow to catch on when it comes to other people’s feelings. So, our smart country woman grabs the reins. 

Dix and Patrick convince me they love each other and their toddler. But, as men do, he buries himself in work and forgets the family needs him in the flesh. His job? He’s the lawyer who made Reno the divorce capital for well-heeled women tired of their husbands. Nevada’s lenient laws were a gold mine for him. Hollywood’s Production Code, however, insists divorce is shameful, so the film ladles on moral disapproval like gravy at Thanksgiving.

Is it melodrama? Sure, but not the kind that makes me roll my eyes. I’m a sucker for earnest hokum if it’s not slathered on with a trowel. Dix can do that soulful stare that says, “If the moon’s right, I might feel something.” Patrick suggests depth without drowning in sentiment. Dialogue? Serviceable. No purple prose here.

The script, alas, skimps on motivation. Why does Patrick fall for Dix after five minutes, other than that’s how they roll in Hollywood? He’s no dynamo in brains or ambition. And when she leaves him - why? Yes, he dines with rich, flighty clients who puff up his ego, but he never strays. If he wobbled near Astrid Allwyn, I’d understand whole-heartedly. He doesn’t.

Meanwhile, the movie moonlights as a Reno history lesson: boomtown, bust, rebirth as divorce mecca. Treat it as gospel and you’re a ninny, but I didn’t mind the flashbacks. The hokey saga stuff is offset by Anita Louise as the loyal daughter and Hobart Cavanaugh as the faithful sidekick mourning Dix’s lost soul.

Bottom line: It’s glossy soap with a dash of social commentary and a whiff of historical pretension. I bought the romance, shrugged at the logic, and enjoyed the ride. 

Other Gail Patrick Movies: Click on the title to go to the review
·         If I Had a Million
·         The Phantom Broadcast
·         The Murders in the Zoo
·         Death Takes a Holiday
·         The Crime of Helen Stanley
·         Murder at the Vanities
·         The Preview Murder Mystery
·         My Man Godrey
·         Murder by Pictures
·         Artists and Models
·         King of Alcatraz
·         Wives Under Suspicion
·         Disbarred
 

Saturday, January 31, 2026

European Reading Challenge #1

I read this for the European Reading Challenge 2026.

Eastern Approaches - Fitzroy Maclean

To read Eastern Approaches is to be swept into the vortex of the 20th century’s most turbulent theatres - Moscow, the Western Desert, and the mountains of Bosnia - by a narrator who combines the composure of a diplomat with the audacity of a commando.

Fitzroy Maclean, a young British envoy with a taste for the forbidden, begins his odyssey in Stalin’s Moscow, where in the spring of 1937, the air is thick with suspicion and the streets cower in silent terror of Stalin’s bloody purges. Assigned to the embassy, he slips the leash of officialdom and in the autumn ventures into Soviet Central Asia, a land of minarets and mirages, where commissars frown and peasants whisper. His accounts from Samarkand are not those of a tourist, but of a witness - one who sees through the Potemkin facades to the machinery of repression beneath.

Maclean’s reportage of the 1937 Moscow show trials is chilling in its clarity. Here, the Old Bolsheviks - Bukharin among them - confess to crimes they did not commit, in a masquerade of the absurd that Orwell and Koestler would later echo. It is a portrait of gangsters devouring democratic socialists, and Maclean captures it with the precision of a man who knows he is watching history as nightmare.

From the snows of Russia, the narrative shifts to the sands of North Africa at the end of 1942. As a soldier in the Special Air Service, Maclean trades his diplomatic briefcase for explosives, executing raids behind enemy lines with a flair almost stereotypical of English and Scots doggedness. His account of the Benghazi raid is a narrative of controlled chaos, and his capture of a pro-Nazi Iranian general reads like a scene from a John Buchan novel.

But it is in Yugoslavia – Bosnia - that Maclean’s story reaches its crescendo in the late summer of 1943. Parachuted into the mountains by Churchill’s command, he becomes Britain’s man with Tito - a liaison, a strategist, and, at times, a partisan himself. The Yugoslav resistance, fierce and fractious, is rendered with nuance and admiration. Maclean’s mission was to assess and assist, but he also observed, with the eye of a writer and the conscience of a believer in democracy.

Eastern Approaches is not merely a memoir; it is a testament to the strange glamour of peril and the enduring value of bearing witness. For hardcore readers drawn to the shadows of totalitarianism, the dust of desert warfare, and the fire of resistance, this is essential reading.

Tuesday, January 27, 2026

Perry Mason 115: TCOT Cautious Coquette

Note: Break out the thinking caps, kids - Gardner cranks complexity up to DefCon 5. You’ll either love the brain-bending or throw the book across the room.

The Case of the Cautious Coquette – Erle Stanley Gardner

Mike Grost, tireless cataloger of detective fiction, observes that Gardner possessed “seemingly inexhaustible ability to generate complex plots.” TCOT Cautious Coquette, Mason’s thirty-fourth outing from 1949, is a case in point. Gardner’s ingenuity here is not merely technical; it reflects a worldview in which contingency rules so your practical wisdom - your mother-wit - had better be sharp.

Perry Mason, personal injury lawyer. Sounds not only wrong but like you got a hair in your mouth, doesn’t it? Eee-yew. Like Celine Dion singing Gimme a Pigfoot and a Bottle of Beer.  But here he is, chasing a hit-and-run for a college kid with a busted hip and a mother who’s got nothing but grief and a mortgage. Mason’s usual gig is saving the innocent from the criminal justice meat grinder, so why not take on Big Insurance?

The plan is simple: find the driver, squeeze the insurer, collect the check. Mason runs an ad, and simplicity is trumped by contingency. Two drivers show up, two cars, two settlements. Then a chauffeur named Hartwell L. Pitkin turns up dead in a garage, and the garage belongs to Lucille Barton - a woman who wants Mason for an alimony case. He said no. He doesn’t do family law - too much bad behavior bad actors can't help. He does criminal defense.

Lucille didn’t call the cops like Mason told her. A neighbor saw her, maybe saw Mason, and now the cops want answers. Mason gives them attorney-client privilege instead. It’s legal, it’s clever, and it’s the reason he’s stuck with a client he doesn’t trust. Lucille’s beautiful, cunning, and about as reliable as sarcasm.

Enter Lt. Tragg, homicide detective, smart enough to know Sgt. Holcomb - his rival - is a bull in a china shop. Holcomb wants headlines, Mason wants daylight, and Tragg wants to keep his job. So Mason and Tragg team up, sort of. Mason feeds Tragg a tip, then makes Holcomb look like a fool in court. There’s even a car chase. Yes, a car chase in a Perry Mason story. Gardner must’ve been feeling frolics were in order.

The plot’s a pretzel. Gardner builds it with his usual tricks - false leads, courtroom fireworks, and names that sound like they came from a Dickens fan club. Willard Allison Barton? Roscoe R. Hansom? Really?

Language? Well, let’s just say “well-upholstered woman” isn’t aging like fine wine. But the bones of the thing hold up. For the faithful, it’s Gardner in full convoluted mode. For newcomers, it’s a crash course in a world where motives collide, ethics bend and gaaaw-lee those clients sure are economical with the truth.

Saturday, January 24, 2026

Perry Mason 114: Novels versus TeeVee

Note: From Ken Kesey’s novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, "The Combine" is a term Chief Bromden uses in his "delusions" to represent a vast, oppressive, and mechanical force that controls society, with the psychiatric hospital acting as a "factory" to "fix" people into conformist, machine-like workers. Chief Bromden, a tall Native American patient who pretends to be deaf and mute, sees Nurse Ratched and the orderlies as agents of The Combine.

Perry Mason: Novels versus TeeVee

Erle Stanley Gardner’s Perry Mason novels are precision machines, engineered to deliver models of legal suspense with the efficiency of a pulp assembly line. Each begins with a client in extremis - bewildered, imperiled, and anxious - wandering into Mason’s office like a refugee from a film noir backlot. What follows is a procedural ballet: murder, investigation, confrontation, and the inevitable courtroom climax, where Mason’s logic pins the culprit and the innocent walks free. Gardner, a lawyer turned pulp impresario, revels in evidentiary reversals and clipped dialogue, trusting readers to navigate a maze of legal minutiae and fill in exposition and business as they like. These are not whodunits but howdunits, their pleasures rooted in the mechanics of fraud and the thrill of watching The Combine outfoxed.

Television, from 1957 adapting the novels, streamlines this intricate machinery for the small screen. The hour-long format demands compression: subplots vanish, pacing accelerates, and the narrative arc - client, killing, investigation, trial - becomes a metronome. Gardner’s labyrinthine plotting gives way to clarity; crimes are staged early, investigations truncated, and courtroom theatrics foregrounded, with the mute defendant wedged between Perry and Della like a prop. The result is sleek reassurance, calibrated for mid-century living rooms. Accessibility triumphs over complexity. Where Gardner traffics in nuance, the series offers closure - a world where truth emerges on cue. No wonder Neil Postman and every smart-aleck sophomore in the Seventies (like me!) called teevee The Boob Tube.

Characterization undergoes similar sanding-down. Gardner’s Mason is a trickster in pinstripes, a gambler who thrives in gray zones. His moral compass points toward justice, but the route is circuitous, and the novels occasionally wink at his appetite for risky misdemeanors. Della Street, far from a stenographic ornament, is Mason’s co-conspirator - breaking and entering, impersonating gold diggers, and piloting getaway cars with pulp élan. Paul Drake, amiable and perpetually harried, rounds out a trio that calls to mind Nervous Overheated Ron, Brainy Cool Hermoine, and Wise Mind Harry.

Television domesticates this trio. Raymond Burr’s Mason radiates gravitas and ethical rectitude, a figure of calm authority in a universe of moral certainties. Della becomes a note-taker; Paul morphs into comic relief. Hamilton Burger, Gardner’s snarling prosecutor, is softened into genial foil, his vendetta ritualized into courtroom banter. The novels’ simmering antagonisms – graceless Burger stamping off as cross as a frog in a sock - are replaced by post-verdict bonhomie. Gardner approved the scripts, but one suspects he muttered “like hell” under his breath.

Tone is the final transmutation. Gardner writes in a brisk, not-quite-hard-boiled register, his dialogue clipped, his atmosphere tense with disquiet. Wartime shadows and cultural tremors haunt the margins, and the novels inhabit a world where the policeman is not your friend.

The TV series bathes Mason in the glow of Eisenhower-era optimism. Courtrooms gleam with California sheen; decorum reigns; law becomes sanctuary. Gardner’s recurring cautionary motif - never talk to the authorities without your lawyer - vanishes, along with his warnings about improper police procedures, misidentifications by witnesses and misconstrued circumstantial evidence. The show offers reassurance; the books, a lingering unease that instead of presuming innocence, The Combine thinks "horses" when it hears hooves, given circumstantial evidence, a plausible motive, and a lack of an airtight alibi.

In short: Gardner’s Mason prowls a morally ambiguous landscape, improvising justice in a flawed system. The televised Mason presides over a universe of order, where truth is punctual and the good guys always win. One is pulp with a purpose; the other, prime-time anesthesia.

Wednesday, January 21, 2026

Perry Mason 113: TCOT Silent Partner

Note: I grew up with Raymond Burr’s Perry Mason lodged in my brain like a battleship in dry dock - piercing stare, commanding voice, and enough bulk to block out the sun. So imagine my adolescent shock when I cracked open the original novels and discovered that Mason was not, in fact, Raymond Burr in a snappy suit, but a tall, lanky fellow who often moonlighted as a hard-boiled private eye. The written Mason speeds through traffic, slugs bad guys, outfoxes cops, and even scolds his own clients. Meanwhile, Burr’s courtroom stoicism sat in my head like bedrock. Naturally, I prefer the books (of course I do; I’m that sort of person), but every so often Burr’s unflappable Mason and Gardner’s fedora-wearing Mason square off in my psyche like two heavyweight champs. Half Burr, half Mason, all Gardner.

Perryism to Live by RE Empathy: You don't need to see a man, look in his face, shake his hand, and hear him talk, in order to know him. You can watch the things he does. You can see him through the eyes of others. You make allowances for [ ] prejudice when you know the others. You can then judge the extent of their distortion. That's the only way you can solve cases, Della. You must learn to know the characters involved. You must learn to see things through their eyes, and that means you must have sympathy and tolerance for crime.

The Case of the Silent Partner – Erle Stanley Gardner

Seventeenth Mason novel, 1940. TCOT Silent Partner. You want it straight? This one matters. Tragg walks in for the first time - cool, sharp, same age as Mason. Forget Ray Collins on TV; Gardner envisioned Tragg about the same age as Mason and educated enough to be embarrassed about the wielders of rubber hoses.

The story starts with a flower shop, a woman tough enough to run it and still play nurse to a disabled patient. She’s got grit, but grit doesn’t stop trouble. Trouble comes fast, out of nowhere. A partner with sticky fingers, a deal that smells wrong, and then murder. The cops want her for it. They’ve got motive, means, everything but the truth.

Tragg works the angles. He’s no Holcomb - he knows psychology. Gets a suspect talking with a word-association trick while Mason’s out of the room. That’s new. Usually Perry’s in every scene, pulling strings. Not here. Gardner lets Tragg steal the spotlight.

Paul Drake? Late entrance about half down the road, small part. Della Street? She’s in deep, moving pieces, not just answering phones. That’s why the books beat the TV show cold - Della’s a player, not a prop.

The climax? Not your usual Mason blowout in criminal court. It’s civil. No fireworks, but Perry still makes the other lawyer look like a sap. Gardner keeps it tight, no fat, no frills. Just moves and counter-moves.

And under it all, Gardner’s old tune: respect for women who fight their way through a man’s world. He doesn’t make saints, but he doesn’t make fools either. Maybe he was playing to female readers. Maybe he just liked women who drove fast and ate like fieldhands. Doesn’t matter. It works.

TCOT Silent Partner isn’t just a case. It’s a turning point. Tragg’s here to stay. And Mason? He’s still the guy who walks into court when the evidence screams, ‘Start polishing the gas chamber seat for Mason’s client,’ and somehow walks out with the jury asking for his autograph.

Sunday, January 18, 2026

Perry Mason 112: Crows Can't Count

Note: I’m not fond of comparisons, but here goes: Cool and Lam versus Perry Mason. The A.A. Fair novels are shorter, faster-paced, and full of funny situations between Donald Lam - a former lawyer with a knack for trouble - and Bertha Cool, a brassy, no-nonsense detective. Their contrasting styles make them entertaining: he’s quiet and insightful; she’s as sensitive as a fire hydrant. These stories lean into the seedier side of life, focusing on family problems and the vagaries of human behavior rather than courtroom drama. 

Crows Can’t Count – Erle Stanley Gardner writing as A. A. Fair

This 1946 outing is Gardner in his “let’s see how many plot threads I can tangle before the snarl weighs as much as a bowling ball” mode. We’ve got emerald mines in Colombia, a trust fund with middle-aged trustees who can’t keep their male gazes off the young heiress, a crow with kleptomania, and at least one corpus. If you came here for the usual mix of comedy from Bertha Cool and deduction by Donald Lam, disappointment awaits. The first-person narration is by Donald Lam: pure deduction, minimal action, and dialogue that often lacks Gardner’s typical snap, crackle, and fizz.

The setup: fifty-ish Harry Sharples hires Cool and Lam to trace an emerald necklace that shouldn’t be in a local dealer’s hands. Sharples and Robert Cameron co-manage the estate of Cora Hendricks, late owner of a Colombian gold mine. The heirs? Shirley Bruce, a knockout who kisses like a teenage boy’s dreamboat, and Robert Hockley, a gambler with issues like unstable emotions and impulsivity. Before Lam can get a line on the players, Cameron turns up dead, his crow missing, and a necklace minus emeralds sitting on the table. Cue the parade of suspects: young Shirley, a mysterious Juanita Grafton, her artist daughter Dona (currently crow-sitting), and assorted main-chancers.

What follows is a marathon of meetings, phone calls, and enigmatic conversations that make you nostalgic for the days when detective fiction maybe didn’t involve so much talk talk talk. Eventually, everyone decamps to Colombia for an “exotic idyll,” which Gardner renders with the genuine sympathy and respect he brought to Mexico - though Bertha Cool’s culture shock is milked for humor that feels past its expiration date by about 50 years. The crow subplot? Cute and welcome, but not enough of a diversion.

The mystery itself is a ball of yarn untangled by Lam in a multi-multi-page monologue that reads like the reveal in a whodunnit from the Twenties. The solution makes sense – when the hard-core reader squints - but getting there is like jogging with shoes on the wrong feet. Gardner’s usual sparkle? We fans gaze the horizon in vain, from our crow’s nest. Bertha, once a comically profane bulldozer, is reduced to a cartoon homebody out of her element. Lam fares better because we fans are used to his never being forthcoming but his deductions feel like the physics theory that depends on the step “Then a Miracle Happens.”

Bottom line: Crows Can’t Count isn’t terrible, but it’s Gardner seemingly distracted which is weird in a year when he was not his usual hyper-productive self, publishing only TCOT Borrowed Brunette and The D.A. Breaks a Seal, a D.A. Doug Selby novel. Maybe he finally gave himself some well-deserved vacations.

Thursday, January 15, 2026

Perry Mason 111: His Kind of Woman

Note: The producer of Perry Mason, Gail Patrick Jackson, said she had always believed Raymond Burr was perfect for the role of Perry Mason, as long as he shed enough pounds. In 1956 Erle Stanley Gardner, in a memo to Gail Patrick, praised her choice of Burr, “You saw possibilities in Raymond Burr which no one else saw." Because he played so many villains in the decade after World War II, Burr may have been anchored in casting producer’s minds as the brute, the psycho.

His Kind of Woman
1951 / 1:57
Tagline: “They were Two of a Kind”
[internet archive]

Raymond Burr is in the picture just long enough to make you wonder why he isn’t in it more. He plays an American gangster deported to Italy, a man who still runs his Jersey rackets from across the Atlantic and clears two million a year doing it. He’s thirty-two, thirty-three, and Naples isn’t his idea of a retirement plan. He wants back in the USA, and the way he sees it, Mexico is the door. The plan needs a fall guy, and that’s Robert Mitchum - a gambler with no fixed address and no one to miss him. The plan also brushes up against Jane Russell, who is the only thing Mitchum seems to care about.

Burr looks good here. He’s heavier in other pictures, but in this one the suits fit and the shoulders are right. The makeup man has gone heavy on the darkener, so Burr looks less Mediterranean than varnished. His eyes do the work: feverish, unfocused, the kind of eyes that tell you he’s half sadist. He talks about honor like he invented it, and then he threatens Mitchum for not keeping his word.

Mitchum drinks milk. Says liquor makes him forget what he’s doing. He doesn’t like swing music, which tells you something. He looks like a choir boy who doesn't want his friends over to meet his family. His face at rest is a gambler’s face - flat, unreadable. Then you catch him in a moment and there’s a kind of hurt there.

Jane Russell wants a man who can keep her in mink, but she’ll settle for love. Vincent Price plays an actor tired of pretending, and Jim Backus plays a gambler who cheats honeymooners out of their stake. Mitchum wins it back for them because he’s decent that way. 

The picture runs just under two hours. It starts slow, then turns noir, then turns something else. There are long stretches where nothing happens except Mitchum and Russell looking at each other, which is the best part of the movie. Burr comes second. By the last reel, it’s a gangster thriller again, with Burr threatening needles and Nazi drugs. Mitchum disappears, Price stages a rescue like Tom Sawyer planning a jailbreak, and Russell turns up at the end to watch Mitchum ironing a shirt.

It’s too long. It doesn’t know what it wants to be. But a movie-goer watches it anyway, because Mitchum and Russell have chemistry, Burr has menace, and Price has fun. Sometimes that’s enough.

Pre-Mason Raymond Burr
Please Murder Me (1956) [internet archive] [my review]
I Love Trouble (1948) [internet archive] [my review]
Sleep My Love (1948) [internet archive] [my review]
Ruthless (1948) [internet archive] [my review]
Pitfall (1948) [internet archive] [my review]
Walk a Crooked Mile (1948) [internet archive] [my review]
Raw Deal (1948) [internet archive] [my review]
Station West (1948) [my review]
Red Light (1949) [internet archive] [my review]
Abandoned (1949) [internet archive] [my review]
Borderline (1950) [internet archive] [my review]
Unmasked (1950) [internet archive] [my review]
The Whip Hand (1951) [internet archive] [my review]
Bride of the Gorilla (1951) [internet archive] [my review]
M (1951) [internet archive] [my review]

Tuesday, January 13, 2026

The Ides of Anna May Wong: Island of Lost Men

Note: This month we examined three Anna May Wong movies to give Perry Mason reviews a little break. I liked the overall look of this B-picture (the IA print is surprisingly nice) though some stock footage of drumming natives seemed out of place.

Island of Lost Men
1939 / 1:03
Tagline: “Madman Emperor of a Savage Jungle World beyond Civilization's Last Outpost”
[internet archive]

This picture is less about jungle melodrama and more about the pathology of power. Prin, the river despot, is a case study in the old maxim that absolute power doesn’t just corrupt – it’s both fuel and exhaust of anger, stupidity, and greed. Lost like Mr. Kurtz in Heart of Darkness, Prin builds his empire on fear and poisonous bathtub gin, and then wonders why the local people want him dead. His tyranny is theatrical, his unpredictability a management style, and his contempt for flowers a neat metaphor for his oily work rag of a soul.

The film’s moral stance is clear: Prin’s corporate org chart is a hierarchy of scoundrels, each ready to sell him out for a handful of coins or a chance at survival. His insistence on precedence and obedience is laughable because the whole system is held together with narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. When your lieutenants are philosophical renegades and gin-peddling thugs, you don’t need to run ads for an enemy - they’re already on the payroll.

J. Carroll Naish plays Prin like a man auditioning for the role of “Worst Dinner Guest Alive.” His performance oscillates between greasy charm and full hambone, and when he tips into the latter, we movie-goers can only hope the director calls “cut” before the scenery collapses under the chewing. Anna May Wong, by contrast, is all watchful restraint - her silences speak louder than Prin’s tirades. Nobody does the slow burn of contempt like Wong, and here she makes it look effortless. And scalding. Wong was great and Hollywood didn’t have a clue what to do with her.

Anthony Quinn, in regrettable yellowface makeup, brings a pulse to the proceedings, and Broderick Crawford swaggers through like a young’un who knows he’s in a B-picture and intends to enjoy it. The set design is a triumph of atmosphere - Karl Struss shoots Prin’s compound with a conviction that the script only intermittently earns. Sadly, this is namby-pamby Post-Code, so when the philo professor delivers the severed head of his colleague Ernest Truex to Prin, the scene is not nearly as grisly as it should have been.

What impresses isn’t the plot but the texture: the sense of a world where gorgeous orchids bloom and little men rot, where tyranny is a performance and loyalty for suckers. It’s a jungle noir with philosophical pretensions, and if it doesn’t quite deliver on its ambitions, it still offers a pungent whiff of moral decay.

Sunday, January 11, 2026

Perry Mason 110: Bethel Leslie

Note: Bethel Leslie (1929 - 1999) had a distinguished career, marked by success in theater, television, and film, and was recognized with both Emmy and Tony Award nominations. Her career, which spanned over 50 years, included numerous roles in classic TV dramas like Playhouse 90 and the greatest courtroom drama in the history of Creation, and later she worked as the head writer for the soap opera The Secret Storm. She received a Tony nomination in 1986, when she was 57, for her performance as the addict mother in Long Day's Journey into Night.

A Tribute to Bethel Leslie

Entertainers often come from families that resemble Hieronymus Bosch more than Norman Rockwell paintings, so we movie-goers, not without melancholy, wonder: what was nine-year-old Bethel Leslie thinking in 1938 when her parents split? Was acting her coping mechanism? Did joining a cast feel like joining a family - or at least a tribe of people who understood the thrill of greasepaint and applause? And were those older actors the kind of role models an upper-crust mother would want for her teenage girl? (Spoiler: probably not.) Or maybe it was simpler: acting rang a creative bell.

Whatever the psychology, history thanks producer George Abbott for spotting her. By 15, Leslie was on Broadway, in 1944, and she stayed there through the mid-Fifties, earning respect in a string of productions. She was the kind of actress who made critics reach for words like “poised” and “intelligent,” which is code for the Spockian observation “It is far easier for civilized people to act like barbarians than it is for barbarians to act like civilized people.”

On the classic Perry Mason TV series, Leslie played variations on a theme: the nice woman married to a brute who might as well wear a sign reading “Murder Me!” It’s a role that could slide into autopilot, but Leslie never mailed in being the pretty defendant. Like Raymond Burr, who could brood with the best of them, she treated the material seriously. Even when the script parked her silently at the defense table for half an episode, wedged between Della Street and Our Favorite Lawyer, Leslie radiated conviction. She understood that nuance matters - even when your only line is a rueful look.

Janet Morris in TCOT Fugitive Nurse 2/15/58
Janet insists she doesn’t want a divorce. She says it with the kind of conviction that makes you wonder if she’s lying to herself. Her husband, a doctor with a taste for cash and secrecy, has been stashing money like a squirrel in winter, neglecting to tell the IRS about his little nest egg. He’s also cheating - of course he is.

Janet, in a gesture of wounded dignity, pleads with the other woman to leave him alone. But the tax men are circling, and it’s Janet who seems to be holding the sack. Her behavior is a study in contradictions. Even Della Street, whose instincts are as sharp as a stiletto, can’t decide: Is Janet protecting the man she claims to love, or angling for the missing $92,000 - a sum that would make her a millionaire in 2026?

There’s a whiff of history here. Janet sends hubby off on a solo flight to Salt Lake City with hot coffee and a smile, then asks where he’ll be staying so Mason can reach him about the divorce. He’s startled, suspicious. So are we. Is this a bait-and-switch from a woman who once believed in happily-ever-after?

And then there’s Leslie - society to her fingertips. She opens the episode in a mink that suggests it’s all she’s wearing, like a JohnO’Hara heroine sprung to life. Janet, by contrast, wears privilege like a tired perfume. She thought life with her med student would be champagne and roses. Instead, it’s subpoenas and despair.

Evelyn Girard in TCOT Purple Woman 11/22/58
Evelyn had that Yankee polish - quiet grit, loyalty stitched into every gesture. Her father’s pulpit loomed behind her like a cathedral shadow, and she guarded his name as if it were Meissen porcelain. Yet here she was, in Perry Mason’s office, voice brittle as old glass. Her husband, an art dealer with a taste for fraud, had passed off a counterfeit canvas. Was she exposed? Mason, calm as winter light, assured her she was clean. Still, her words sagged with fatigue: “He’ll cheat whenever cheating’s possible.” Della Street caught the look - disillusion, stark and cold.

But Evelyn’s virtue had hairline cracks. She’d been writing love letters with the Chronicle’s art critic - letters her husband now clutched like a mace. When he confronted her, his cruelty was surgical. “How did he ever get a job on a newspaper?” he sneered, savoring the sting. He promised her father would read every sordid syllable in divorce court. Evelyn, trembling, threatened him with scissors - an outburst witnessed by the secretary he bedded. Later, to that same woman, he spat a line no woman should hear: “You’re too intellectual to understand my wife’s emotionality.”

And so the story turned. Evelyn in jail, eyes wide with disbelief. Mason, patient, laying out motive and opportunity like cards on green felt. She could see the picture any DA would paint for twelve folks too dumb to get out of jury duty - but still, lips sealed, she refused to name her lover. Burr gave Leslie space, as he always did for guest stars in the jail cell interview scene. The scene was a high note of drama, second only to the confession yet to come.

Sylvia Sutton in TCOT Wayward Wife 1/23/60
Sylvia was running on fumes when she swept into Perry Mason’s office, all nerves and strained poise. Her husband, Ben - a man with the soul of a loan shark - had already squeezed $14,000 out of her and now wanted ten grand more from her brother Gil. The price of silence? A car crash Gil allegedly caused, leaving a woman paralyzed and the police none the wiser. Mason, cool as a martini, advised her to skip the payoff and tell the cops everything.

But fear makes fools of us all. Convinced Gil had killed Ben, Sylvia purloined a cleaning woman’s cloth coat and babushka – Harper’s Bazaar would call that “peasant chic” - and dashed to her ransacked house, where Ben lay sprawled, skull cracked by a fireplace poker. The cleaning woman spotted the theft, and soon Sylvia was in custody, her mug shot destined for the society pages she once skimmed over breakfast.

In court, Sylvia spoke no lines, yet her face told volumes. Irony flickered in her eyes as witnesses paraded by - was this really her life? Stealing a maid’s clothes, shrieking at cabbies like a fishwife? She mourned her blindness: not seeing Ben for the cad he was from the get-go, not foreseeing the sister-in-law’s affair with Ben, not imagining the car crash that set this domino run in motion. Still, she held her head high. Yankee grit, laced with rue. Life had thrown her curveballs, and Sylvia - tragic, stylish Sylvia - was determined to look her best swinging.


Thursday, January 8, 2026

Perry Mason 109: TCOT Counterfeit Eye

🚨 STOP SCROLLING, SHEEPLE! 🚨 You think Perry Mason is just courtroom drama? WRONG. It’s a coded message. Let me break it down for you: Early novels? Mason’s legal aide = Karl Jackson. Fast-forward to Season 4? Mason’s aide = law student David Gideon, played by Karl Held. Two Karls. TWO. KARLS. Coincidence? Wake up, NPCs! This isn’t random casting - it’s SUS. Gardner knew. Producer Gail Patrick Jackson knew. Burr knew. They’re signaling something BIG. Karl is the KEY. You think it’s about legal aides? LOL. No. It’s about CONTROL. It’s about the hidden network of Karls pulling strings behind the scenes. Ever heard of Karl Malone? Karl Urban? Karl Popper? Karl Marx? CONNECT THE DOTS, PEOPLE. This is a Karl Kabal. A Karlspiracy.  If you’re not asking WHY there are so many Karls, you’re already lost. Smash that like button if you’re ready to EXPOSE THE TRUTH. #Karlspiracy #WakeUpSheeple #PerryMasonDecoded

The Case of the Counterfeit Eye – Erle Stanley Gardner

This one kicks off with Perry Mason getting a client whose problem is so odd it sounds like a setup for a “what’s gross” joke from the Sixties. A man named Brunold storms in, claiming someone swiped one of his glass eyes and subbed it with a cheap counterfeit. He’s convinced the real eye will be planted at a crime scene because, obviously, in 1935 rare glass eyes are the new fingerprints.

Before Perry can finish his morning coffee, in come a young woman and her brother. The snotty brother worked for Hartley Bassett, a businessman with all the charm of a wet sock, and the kind of party pooper that demands employees caught embezzling pay it back. Bassett wants his money back yesterday, but the self-involved brother blew it. The sister begs Mason to negotiate payback on the installment plan. Mason agrees, because he thinks erring youth, even if conceited, ought not to take a fall that might wreck a life that can still be salvaged.

When Mason visits Bassett, the man is about as flexible as an old back in yoga class. No deal, no way. But as Mason heads out, Bassett’s wife corners him with a question in the mode of “Can you put a virgin in jail as a vagrant.”* To whit: is it possible to run off with another man without committing bigamy? Mason’s day is now officially one of those “one damn thing after another” days. And then Bassett turns up dead, clutching - you guessed it - a glass eye.

Sounds familiar? In the 1960 TV version of this novel, victim Bassett ended up clutching a piece of the toupee of the accused. Americans were made of sterner stuff in the 1930s compared to the 1960s, I guess. I recall in the late Seventies glass eyes were still regarded with a bit of cringe, with the reputation that they were so ill-fitting they would pop out if the wearer was jammed into a Japanese commuter train. I daresay the tech is much better now.

Like the other Mason novels of the Thirties and Forties, the energy never languishes. Gardner keeps tossing Mason into conflicts, and Mason keeps bending the law. Not yet on the Mason bus with the destination Pythagorean Fork, Della Street observes, “You do the darndest things! You’re half saint and half devil! There isn’t any middle ground  - you go to both extremes!”

The other notable point of only the sixth Mason novel (of 80) is meeting nemesis District Attorney Hamilton Burger, who’ll become a series regular. He’s introduced as Mason’s courtroom foil, but not a cartoon villain. Fairly civil at this early, Burger knows Mason’s goal is truth - even if his methods involve razzle-dazzle.

The finale? A courtroom showdown packed with flamboyance. Mason’s gambits seem reckless, but the post-game explanation makes you admire the nerve and the logic. If you want psychological depth, complex social issues, diverse and flawed characters, and blending with other genres like thrillers, look elsewhere. If you want your Thirties as tough as taxes and full of legal acrobatics, this mystery delivers.

* TCOT Vagabond Virgin

Monday, January 5, 2026

The Nones of Anna May Wong: Dangerous to Know

Note: Happy Belated Birthday (1/3/1905) to Anna May Wong. She was about perfect in the stylish Shanghai Express but as the moral center she’s very good in this one too. As for Akim Tamiroff's gangster, quirky villains can be memorable and engaging, especially in Thirties crime movies where generic bad guys and dumbo coppers are the norm. Gail Patrick pops up in this one – society to her fingertips, as usual, like her most famous part as Cordelia in My Man Godfrey.

Dangerous to Know
1938 / 1:10
Tagline: “No woman ever survived his love!”
[internet archive]

This one isn’t about gangsters so much as it is about the delusion that money can buy class. Steve Recka is a Prohibition relic who thinks a bankroll and a pipe organ will get him into the silk-hat set. He’s wrong, of course, but watching him try is half the fun. His notion of refinement is like a guy who thinks being soft-spoken will make his death threats sound cultured. Spoiler: they don’t.

The movie’s moral compass is Anna May Wong, and thank heaven for her. She’s the only character with a functioning ethical sense, and even the cops - who treat defenestration like a joke - call her “Empress” out of grudging respect. Wong plays it with poise and restraint, her close-ups radiating intelligence in a room full of men who think “class” means pushing people out of windows. Even to a fashion ignoramus like me, her gowns are jaw-dropping, too - silk that looks like it cost more than Recka’s soul.

Akim Tamiroff is fascinating because his eyes, like Raymond Burr’s, do all the heavy lifting. He plays Recka as a man who believes he can keep his violent instincts intact and just add polish - too bad a hood in a tuxedo still looks grubby and ridiculous. His ambition to marry into old money (Gail Patrick) is pathetic and oddly poignant - he wants the trappings of culture without the substance, and Wong knows it’s a pipe dream. Rich people, she reminds us by implication, are just as petty and venal as the rest of us, only better dressed.

The cops? Utterly amoral. They joke about suicides, frame innocents, and call it a day’s work. The film’s hostility toward law enforcement is bracing, as a cussed attitude that slipped past the Hays Office. But don’t get your hopes up - the ending is pure Hollywood slush: the rich get richer, the gangster gets his comeuppance, and the moral center pays the price.

Director Robert Florey, a noir pioneer, gives us some elegant touches - shadows creeping across doors, subjective camera shots that make you complicit in murder - but never lets the visuals upstage the story. And what a story: a cautionary tale about status hunger, told with enough Thirties bitterness to sting.

Saturday, January 3, 2026

Perry Mason 108: TCOT Empty Tin

Note: Serialized in The Saturday Evening Post, this novel carries the echo of weekly installments, with bits of recap tucked into the dialogue like breadcrumbs for new readers. We post-modern types can skim those, but they’re part of the charm, like cigarette ads in old paperbacks.

The Case of the Empty Tin – Erle Stanley Gardner

Ah yes, that Perry Mason mystery from 1941 - now there’s a tale that takes you back. Not to the courtroom, not to the bustling lawyer’s office with its clacking typewriters and Della Street’s crisp efficiency and canny instincts, but to the Gentrie household, where the scent of canned peaches and linoleum wax hangs in the air like a “female Rockwell” Frances Tipton Hunter illustration come to life.

The Gentries - salt-of-the-earth folks - run a modest hardware store, the kind with creaky floorboards and bins of nails that smell faintly of sawdust. Every penny counts, so they take in a roomer, a quiet soul who pays his rent on time and doesn’t make demands. They preserve fruits in Mason jars, not for the foreshadowing, mind you, but because it’s cheaper. There’s a spinster sister who knows her way around a pressure cooker, and a hired woman who can whip up a meatloaf that could win prizes at the county fair. Three kids tumble through the house like marbles on a hardwood floor, and though the seams of the family fabric are stretched, they hold.

Now, some Mason fans - those who like their mysteries served hot with a side of courtroom drama and a dash of the old ultra-violence - might find this beginning a tad slow. But for those of us who’ve read a couple dozen of Gardner’s works and know the rhythm of his prose like the back of a well-worn paperback, this domestic start is a breath of fresh air. It’s Hitchcockian, really - the suspense nestled in the folds of the everyday, the mystery blooming in the garden of the mundane.

And Perry? He’s in rare form. He double-talks the cops with the ease of a man ordering coffee. He breaks into houses like he’s checking the mail. He speeds through traffic with Della riding shotgun, her hair tousled and her wits sharp. She’s no mere secretary here - she’s a co-conspirator, a thinker, a woman who knows things men don’t, and isn’t afraid to say so.

And no courtroom scene? Some hardcore readers might pout, others might cheer. But me? I say this one’s a gem. If you’re a Mason fan, make it your next read.

Thursday, January 1, 2026

The Kalends of Anna May Wong: Shanghai Express

Note: To take a break from Perry Mason, this Happy New Year season we look over a couple of movies with Anna May Wong. In this one, Wong, a woman named Hui Fei, shares a train compartment with fellow fancy woman Marlene Dietrich. The keeper of a Shanghai boarding house Mrs. Haggarty (Louise Closer Hale), remarks pointedly to Hui Fei “I’m sure you’re very respectable, madam?” Hui Fei answers, “I must confess I don’t know the standard of respectability that you demand in your boarding house, Mrs. Haggarty.” Nor, implies her tone as remote as Mount Tai, does she care.

Shanghai Express
1932 / 1:22
Tagline: “Grand Hotel on a Train”
[internet archive]

A surreal dream with train whistles – could a movie-goer like me who grew up three blocks from a train yard want anything more nostalgic? Director Josef Sternberg doesn’t care about plot or character - he’s chasing atmosphere like an artist who wants us knuckle-walkers to see the ultimate, intrinsic nature of reality as it truly is, beyond our judgments, concepts, or stories. Smoke, shadows, banners of Chinese characters, silhouettes that look carved out of fog. It’s all about the images beautiful dreamers half-remember after waking: aisleways, windows, shades sliding up and down, a machine gun spitting fire from a train carriage.

For buffs, there’s plenty to chew on. Train fetishists will swoon over the haunting shots of locomotives and carriages, while we tourists get a front-row seat to Peiping and Shanghai crowds, filmed with Sternberg’s obsessive eye for movement and texture. It’s a world where train wagons graze storefronts and humanity swirls in clouds of steam. Sternberg loved crowds.

Pre-Code fans will grin. Marlene Dietrich smolders as Shanghai Lily, a woman who ruins men out of sheer laziness, while Anna May Wong turns smoking into a sacrament. Their scenes together make tobacco look like the most sensual pastime on earth. Wong’s Hui Fei is pure steel - her “I’m Unbeatable Even if You Beat Me” look could stop a runaway train. When she murders a man and pockets twenty grand, the movie barely blinks. Moral ambiguity was never so hip.

Critics carp about thin characterization, but that’s missing the point. Sternberg isn’t telling a story; he’s staging a dream. The characters are pawns of chance, drifting through a world where everyone – those who wear pants included - is vulnerable. Dietrich’s praying hands, Wong’s icy poise, Eugene Pallette’s racist buffoonery - they’re fragments in a cinematic collage. Transience – soon it’s all dust, we’re all dust – the movie-goer can tell Sternberg read his Marcus Aurelius closely.

The film’s hostility toward missionaries and moralists is deliciously Pre-Code. The English surgeon gets scolded for being a “materialist,” which was morse for “atheist” back then. Meanwhile, the gamblers and fallen women seem more alive than the pious crowd.

In the end, it’s not about who gets the girl or whether the revolutionaries succeed. It’s about the look and feel: smoke curling like a question mark, shadows creeping like rumors, and two women who make convention look like something only squares worry about.